As a parent, hearing about Diphtheria can be concerning; it’s natural to worry about your child’s health and safety. Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that can affect the throat, nose, or skin. It is important to understand how it spreads and what signs to watch for.
But don’t worry; there are effective ways to protect your little one. The Diphtheria vaccine is reliable and offers strong protection against this illness. Early detection and proper Diphtheria treatment can also help manage the infection and reduce complications.
This guide will help you learn about Diphtheria causes, symptoms, prevention strategies, and treatment options. With the right information, you can feel confident in keeping your child healthy and safe.
What is Diphtheria?
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread through contact with contaminated objects or surfaces. The bacteria create a thick, grey coating in the throat or nose, making breathing and swallowing difficult.
Though Diphtheria was once a common illness, widespread use of the Diphtheria vaccine has made it rare in many countries. However, the infection still exists in areas with low vaccination rates.
What Are the Different Types of Diphtheria?
There are two main types of Diphtheria:
- Classical respiratory Diphtheria: The most common type affecting the nose, throat, tonsils, or larynx (voice box). Symptoms vary based on the affected area and are often referred to as pharyngeal diphtheria when involving the throat.
- Cutaneous Diphtheria: A rarer form that causes skin rashes, sores, or blisters, often seen in tropical climates or crowded, unsanitary conditions.
Causes of Diphtheria
Diphtheria is caused by a type of bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacterium spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets, when someone coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching contaminated objects, such as toys or utensils, or contact with infected sores.
It can feel concerning as a parent, but remember good hygiene and vaccination can offer strong protection. It’s important to be aware of the causes of Diphtheria disease, especially if you’re travelling to areas where the infection is more common. Early action and awareness can go a long way in keeping your child safe.
Symptoms of Diphtheria
Diphtheria symptoms usually appear 2 to 5 days after exposure but can take up to 10 days. Recognising the signs early can help protect your child’s health.
Here are the common signs and symptoms:
- Tiredness
- Throat pain
- Hoarseness
- Rapid breathing
- Nasal discharge
- Difficulty breathing
- Swollen neck glands or Bull Neck
- Mild fever (101 degrees or less)
- Difficulty swallowing (Dysphagia)
- A thick, grey membrane covering the throat and tonsils, which is firmly attached and bleeds if removal is attempted.
- Nerve, kidney, or heart complications if bacteria enter the bloodstream
Some children may carry the Diphtheria bacteria without showing symptoms but can still spread the infection.
In the case of Cutaneous diphtheria, symptoms include:
- Pain
- Redness
- Swelling
- Skin ulcers covered by a grey membrane
This skin condition is more common in tropical climates or crowded living conditions with poor hygiene. In severe cases, diphtheria can affect breathing and the heart, becoming life-threatening. If you notice any of these symptoms in your child, contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible.
Diphtheria Prevention
According to the Indian Academy of Paediatrics, four vaccines help prevent Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DPT). While these vaccines align with global recommendations, the DPT vaccine is primarily used under India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP). These include:
- DTaP and DT: Given to children under 7 years. DT is for those who cannot tolerate the Pertussis vaccine.
- Tdap and Td: Given to older children and adults.
Recommended DTaP doses for children:
- First dose at 2 months
- Second dose at 4 months
- Third dose at 6 months
- Fourth dose between 15–18 months
- Fifth dose between 4–6 years
Booster doses for older children and adults:
- Tdap: A single dose for ages 11–18 (preferably at 11–12 years) and adults up to 64.
- Td: A booster every 10 years or after exposure to tetanus.
- Adults over 65: One Tdap dose if in close contact with infants.
- Children aged 7–10: Tdap if not fully immunised against Pertussis.
Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to protect your child and community from Diphtheria.
Diphtheria Treatment
If your child shows Diphtheria symptoms, early treatment is essential. Since it is a life-threatening condition, hospitalisation is mandatory. Your doctor might suggest starting treatment before lab results are confirmed to prevent complications. Always consult your paediatrician before beginning any treatment for your child.
The standard Diphtheria treatment involves two main steps:
- Antitoxin administration: It helps stop the toxin from causing more organ damage.
- Antibiotics: Doctors usually prescribe Penicillin or Erythromycin, depending on your child’s health history. If your child has allergies, your paediatrician will recommend an alternative. Your doctor might recommend alternatives if the child is allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics.
Your child might need isolation to prevent the spread of Diphtheria bacteria. They remain contagious until antibiotics effectively eliminate the infection. Once treatment is complete, follow-up tests will ensure the infection is gone. Your paediatrician may also advise a Diphtheria vaccine after recovery to prevent future infections.
Conclusion
With the right information and timely care, diphtheria is manageable, and vaccination makes it preventable. You can protect your child’s health with the right information and prompt action. Staying informed about diphtheria symptoms, keeping up with vaccinations, and seeking early medical advice are the best ways to safeguard your little one.
Don’t hesitate to reach out if you ever feel unsure about your child’s symptoms. Your paediatrician is here to help. Early detection and proper diphtheria treatment can prevent serious complications and ensure a smooth recovery.We’re here to support you with expert care at every step. If you have questions or need expert guidance, book an appointment with BabyMD today!
